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Photo Voltaic panels generate free power from the sunlight by changing daylight to electric power with no shifting parts, zero emissions, and no maintenance. The solar panel, the 1st element of a Solar Electrical Power System, is a assortment of individual silicon cells that generate electricity from sunlight. The photons (light particles) generate an electrical current as they strike the surface of the thin silicon wafers. A simple solar cell generates only about 1/2 (.5) of a volt. However, a normal 12 volt panel about 25 inches by 54 inches will consist of 36 cells wired in series to generate about 17 volts peak output. If the photo voltaic panel can be configured for 24 volt output, there will be 72 cells so the two 12 volt teams of 36 each can be wired in series, generally with a jumper, making it possible for the solar panel to output 24 volts. When beneath load (charging batteries for example), this voltage drops to 12 to 14 volts (for a 12 volt configuration) ensuing in 75 to 100 watts for a panel of this size.

Multiple solar panels can be wired in parallel to improve current capability (more power) and wired in series to increase voltage for 24, 48, or even larger voltage systems. The benefit of utilizing a greater voltage output at the photo voltaic panels is that smaller sized wire measurements can be utilized to transfer the electrical power from the solar panel array to the charge controller & batteries.

Monocrystalline photo voltaic panels: The most productive and pricey solar panels are created with Monocrystalline cells. These photo voltaic cells use extremely pure silicon and include a complex crystal expansion process. Long silicon rods are made which are lower into slices of .2 to .4 mm thick discs or wafers which are then processed into individual cells that are wired together in the solar panel.

Polycrystalline solar panels: Often called Multi-crystalline, solar panels produced with Polycrystalline cells are a little significantly less expensive & a bit much less efficient than Monocrystalline cells because the cells are not developed in simple crystals but in a big block of numerous crystals. This is what offers them that striking shattered glass appearance. Like Monocrystalline cells, they are also then sliced into wafers to generate the personal cells that make up the solar panel.